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91.
《工程(英文)》2020,6(12):1423-1431
China’s past economic growth has substantially relied on fossil fuels, causing serious air pollution issues. Decoupling economic growth and pollution has become the focus in developing ecological civilization in China. We have analyzed the three-decade progress of air pollution controls in China, highlighting a strategic transformation from emission control toward air quality management. Emission control of sulfur dioxide (SO2) resolved the deteriorating acid rain issue in China in 2007. Since 2013, control actions on multiple precursors and sectors have targeted the reduction of the concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), marking a transition to an air-quality-oriented strategy. Increasing ozone (O3) pollution further requires O3 and PM2.5 integrated control strategies with an emphasis on their complex photochemical interactions. Fundamental improvement of air quality in China, as a key indicator for the success of ecological civilization construction, demands the deep de-carbonization of China’s energy system as well as more synergistic pathways to address air pollution and global climate change simultaneously. 相似文献
92.
水利工程的特殊性,决定了其在安全管理构建中更加注重全过程管理机制的构建,以及危险源下的精准安全管控。在传统安全管理模式之下,水利工程安全管理盲点多、效率低,不利于全过程安全管理的高效实施。文章立足水利工程的危险辨识,分析了水利工程危险源全过程安全管理中的问题,并在此基础之上,从强化危险源精准辨识、构建危险源动态管理机制、优化危险源评价工作、加快危险源信息库建设等方面,具体论述了危险源下水利工程全过程安全管理措施。 相似文献
93.
目的:探讨依托泊苷联合卡铂用于复发性髓母细胞瘤患儿的疗效与安全性。方法:选取浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院在2011年1月至2014年6月收治的72例复发性髓母细胞瘤患儿(3~15岁),随机分为CE组和对照组,每组36例,CE组采用依托泊苷+卡铂给药方式化疗;对照组采用经典伊立替康+替莫唑胺+长春新碱方案化疗。比较两组患儿临床疗效、卡诺夫斯基健康状况量表(KPS)评分、儿科生活质量测定量表4.0(PedsQLTM4.0)评分、总生存期(OS)、无事件生存(EFS),记录患儿治疗期间药物不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后CE组和对照组完全缓解率(CR)分别为41.67%(15/36)和27.78%(10/36),总缓解率(OR)分别为94.44%(34/36)和77.78%(28/36),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患儿治疗前KPS评分及PedsQLTM4.0评分无统计学差异(P>0.05),治疗后CE组和对照组的KPS评分分别为(80±8)和(75±10)分,PedsQLTM4.0评分分别为(89±11)和(84±11)分,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。截至末次随访时间,CE组有3例失访,对照组有2例失访。截至末次随访时间,CE组和对照组总生存率分别为78.8%(26/33)和55.9%(19/34),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),无事件生存率分别为72.7%(24/33)和52.9%(18/34),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CE组化疗期间共出现10例3级以上不良反应,发生率为27.78%(10/36),对照组化疗期间共出现9例3级以上不良反应,发生率为25.00%(9/36),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:依托泊苷联合卡铂方案能够明显提高患儿临床缓解率,延长患儿总生存率,同时不增加化疗不良反应,但对无事件生存率的影响并不明显。 相似文献
94.
A Takagi-Sugeno adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (TSFIS) model is developed and applied to a dataset of wellhead flow-test data for the Resalat oil field located offshore southern Iran, the objective is to assist in the prediction and control of multi-phase flow rates of oil and gas through the wellhead chokes. For this purpose, 182 test data points (Appendix 1) related to the Resalat field are evaluated. In order to predict production flow rate (QL) expressed as stock-tank barrels per day (STB/D), this dataset includes four selected input variables: upstream pressure (Pwh); wellhead choke sizes (D64); gas to liquid ratio (GLR); and, base solids and water including some water-soluble oil emulsion (BS&W). The test data points evaluated include a wide range of oil flow rate conditions and values for the four input variables recorded. The TSFIS algorithm applied involves five data processing steps: a) pre-processing, b) fuzzification, c) rules base and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference engine, d) defuzzification, and e) post-processing of the fuzzy model. The developed TSFIS model for the Resalat oil field database predicted oil flow rate to a high degree of accuracy (root mean square error = 247 STB/D, correlation coefficient = 0.9987), which improves substantially on the commonly used empirical algorithms used for such predictions. TSFIS can potentially be applied in wellhead choke fuzzy controllers to stabilize flow in specific wells based on real-time input data records. 相似文献
95.
A wind generator equipped with hydraulic energy storage (WG‐HES) uses hydraulic transmission systems instead of gearbox transmissions, thus eliminating high‐power converters and reducing the tower‐top cabin weight. When there is no wind or the wind speed is extremely low, the pressured oil released by accumulators is used to drive a motor to operate at a constant speed, thereby generating constant‐frequency power. However, few studies have examined the constant speed control characteristics for generating electricity using only an accumulator group. In this study, a combined constant speed (CCS) proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control method based on “variable displacement and throttling” is proposed, which includes two closed loops and one regulating loop. First, a simulation model of the CCS PID control method for a variable motor was established in the Simcenter Amesim program. The influence of different PID parameters on the anti‐interference ability of the constant speed control of the motor was analyzed under a given load step. Then, we obtained the range of control parameter values and a set of optimal values. Second, the effectiveness of the CCS control method and the accuracy of the simulation results were verified on a 600‐kW WG‐HES system prototype. The results verified that the CCS control method has good anti‐interference ability and can meet the requirements of constant speed control for a variable motor under the best PID parameters. These results can provide a basis for developing control strategies for WG‐HESs when there is no wind or at low wind speeds. 相似文献
96.
基于电网安全对稳定经济运行的重要作用,国家大力推进抽水蓄能电站的建设,"十三五"期间,将进入抽水蓄能电站建设高峰期,抽水蓄能电站施工现场点多面广,基建安全形势严峻,施工现场的安全是工程管理的核心因素[1].为了提升现场安全文明施工管理水平,其核心在于施工现场安全文明施工策划,策划的水平和可操作性决定了建筑施工过程中的安全管理的成效,而行之有效的策划应用模式成为关键.本文结合山东文登抽水蓄能电站安全文明施工三维策划管理及三维策划系统应用,解决了现有安全文明施工策划、现场安全布置、安全设施标准化等环节的局限性及不足,实现了策划的高效快捷、效果直观真切,探索出了安全文明施工策划应用的新途径. 相似文献
97.
98.
某出口型号交流电力机车牵引控制系统要求变流器控制逻辑具备接触器控制、牵引系统数据交互、变流器故障保护、变流器启动自检等功能。针对以上功能,基于MATLAB中的Simulink/Stateflow可视化编程工具进行牵引控制模型的搭建,遵循模块化编程理念,采用较少的程序代码编写实现复杂的逻辑控制模型,生成逻辑清晰的控制功能流程图,进行半实物仿真测试,增强控制模型的可靠性。通过该变流器产品型式试验检验,验证变流器控制逻辑的功能可以满足控制系统的需求。 相似文献
99.
Shaohui Li Jingwei Chen Jiaqing Xiong Xuefei Gong Jinghao Ciou Pooi See Lee 《纳微快报(英文)》2020,(3):55-68
Sodium-ion capacitors(SICs)have received increasing interest for grid stationary energy storage application due to their affordability,high power,and energy densities.The major challenge for SICs is to overcome the kinetics imbalance between faradaic anode and nonfaradaic cathode.To boost the Na+reaction kinetics,the present work demonstrated a high-rate MnS-based anode by embedding the MnS nanocrystals into the N,S-co-doped carbon matrix(MnS@NSC).Benefiting from the fast pseudocapacitive Na+storage behavior,the resulting composite exhibits extraordinary rate capability(205.6 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1)and outstanding cycling stability without notable degradation after 2000 cycles.A prototype SIC was demonstrated using MnS@NSC anode and N-doped porous carbon(NC)cathode;the obtained hybrid SIC device can display a high energy density of 139.8 Wh kg−1 and high power density of 11,500 W kg−1,as well as excellent cyclability with 84.5%capacitance retention after 3000 cycles.The superior electrochemical performance is contributed to downsizing of MnS and encapsulation of conductive N,S-co-doped carbon matrix,which not only promote the Na+and electrons transport,but also buffer the volume variations and maintain the structure integrity during Na+insertion/extraction,enabling its comparable fast reaction kinetics and cyclability with NC cathode. 相似文献
100.
随着食品、医药及电子行业的不断发展,磷酸及磷酸盐的市场需求量不断增大,并且对磷酸的品质要求也越来越高,尤其是对湿法磷酸中砷杂质的要求,湿法磷酸中砷的含量将直接影响其在磷精细化工领域的应用,因此湿法磷酸中砷的高效、安全去除是亟待解决的一大难题。本文主要对湿法净化磷酸脱砷技术的研究情况进行综述,比较了几种湿法净化磷酸脱砷工艺的优缺点,介绍了较常见的化学沉淀法、结晶法,以及新兴的电沉积法、垂直区域熔融法和微反应器脱砷工艺的应用前景,并指出这些新兴的脱砷工艺将成为今后湿法磷酸的净化脱砷的发展方向,如能解决将这些脱砷工艺在实际中的问题,将会对磷酸工业的发展提供一个更有力的支持。 相似文献